twitch muscle - определение. Что такое twitch muscle
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Что (кто) такое twitch muscle - определение

TYPE OF CELL FOUND IN MUSCLE TISSUE
Muscle fiber; Myocyte; Muscle fibers; Myocytes; Muscle fibres; Slow twitch muscle; Muscle cells; Muscle fibers, fast-twitch; Myofiber; Myofibers; Miocyte; Muscle fibre; Myofibra; Fast-twitch muscle; Type 1 muscle; Myofibre
  • Diagram of skeletal muscle fiber structure

muscular         
  • When a sarcomere contracts, the Z lines move closer together, and the I band becomes smaller. The A band stays the same width. At full contraction, the thin and thick filaments overlap.
  • (a) Some ATP is stored in a resting muscle. As contraction starts, it is used up in seconds. More ATP is generated from creatine phosphate for about 15 seconds. (b) Each glucose molecule produces two ATP and two molecules of pyruvic acid, which can be used in aerobic respiration or converted to [[lactic acid]]. If oxygen is not available, pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid, which may contribute to [[muscle fatigue]]. This occurs during strenuous exercise when high amounts of energy are needed but oxygen cannot be sufficiently delivered to muscle. (c) Aerobic respiration is the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen (O2) to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. Approximately 95 percent of the ATP required for resting or moderately active muscles is provided by aerobic respiration, which takes place in mitochondria.
  • ATPase staining of a muscle cross section. Type II fibers are dark, due to the alkaline pH of the preparation. In this example, the size of the type II fibers is considerably less than the type I fibers due to denervation atrophy.
  • Types of [[pennate muscle]]. A – [[unipennate]];  B – [[bipennate]]; 
C – [[multipennate]]
  • [[Human embryo]] showing [[somite]]s labelled as ''primitive segments''.
  • polypeptide]] tail (only one tail of each pair is shown). The pairs of histones, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, each have [[lysine]]s (K) in their tails, some of which are subject to post-translational modifications consisting, usually, of acetylations [Ac] and methylations {me}. The lysines (K) are designated with a number showing their position as, for instance, (K4), indicating lysine as the 4th amino acid from the amino (N) end of the tail in the histone protein. The particular acetylations [Ac] and methylations {Me} shown are those that occur on nucleosomes close to, or at, some DNA regions undergoing transcriptional activation of the DNA wrapped around the nucleosome.
  • Prisoner of war exhibiting muscle loss as a result of [[malnutrition]].
  • [[Jogging]] is one form of aerobic exercise.
  • Muscle types by fiber arrangement
  • Exercise-induced signaling pathways in skeletal muscle that determine specialized characteristics of slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers
  • In [[muscular dystrophy]], the affected tissues become disorganized and the concentration of [[dystrophin]] (green) is greatly reduced.
  •  
'''Regulation of transcription in mammals.'''  An active enhancer regulatory region is enabled to interact with the promoter region of its target gene by formation of a chromosome loop. This can allow initiation of messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) bound to the promoter at the transcription start site of the gene. The loop is stabilized by one architectural protein anchored to the enhancer and one anchored to the promoter, and these proteins are joined together to form a dimer (red zigzags). Specific regulatory transcription factors bind to DNA sequence motifs on the enhancer. General transcription factors bind to the promoter. When a transcription factor is activated by a signal (here indicated as phosphorylation shown by a small red star on a transcription factor on the enhancer) the enhancer is activated and can now activate its target promoter. The active enhancer is transcribed on each strand of DNA in opposite directions by bound RNAP IIs. Mediator (a complex consisting of about 26 proteins in an interacting structure) communicates regulatory signals from the enhancer DNA-bound transcription factors to the promoter.
  • Structure of muscle fibre showing a sarcomere under [[electron microscope]] with schematic explanation.
ONE OF THREE MAJOR MUSCLE TYPES
Skeletal muscles; Voluntary muscle; Musculo; Red skeletal muscle cell; White skeletal muscle cell; Muscle protein; Fast twitch muscle; Slow twitch muscles; Skeletal Muscle; Strongest muscle in human body; Muscle loss; Musculature; Muscle mass; Muscle, skeletal; Muscular branches; Muscle fibers, slow-twitch; Muscular diseases; Myoblasts, skeletal; Control of Muscles; Voluntary muscles; Characteristics of muscle; Muscular fiber; Skeletal muscular; Lean muscle; Muscles; Slow-twitch muscle; Panniculus carnosis; Neoplasms, muscle tissue; Excitation-contraction; Muscle proteins; Muscle strength; Muscle; Myoid cells; Branchialis; Connective tissue in skeletal muscle; Connective tissue of skeletal muscle; Muscle types; Convergent muscles; Human muscle; Fast-twitching; Textus muscularis striatus skeletalis; Skeletal muscle cells; Muscular; Gross anatomy of muscles; Muscular force; Myo-; Skeletal striated muscles; Fast twitch fibre; Slow twitch fibre; Slow twitch fiber; Fast twitch fiber; Skeletal striated muscle; Muscular fibers; Myonuclei; Evolution of muscles; Skeletal muscle fibers; Myotendinous junction; Muscle group; Groups of muscles; Msucle; Musculotendinous junction; Skeletal muscle cell
a.
1.
Musculous, sinewy.
2.
Brawny, sinewy, strong, stalwart, vigorous, powerful, sturdy, lusty, athletic, Herculean, able-bodied, stout.
MUSCULAR         
  • When a sarcomere contracts, the Z lines move closer together, and the I band becomes smaller. The A band stays the same width. At full contraction, the thin and thick filaments overlap.
  • (a) Some ATP is stored in a resting muscle. As contraction starts, it is used up in seconds. More ATP is generated from creatine phosphate for about 15 seconds. (b) Each glucose molecule produces two ATP and two molecules of pyruvic acid, which can be used in aerobic respiration or converted to [[lactic acid]]. If oxygen is not available, pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid, which may contribute to [[muscle fatigue]]. This occurs during strenuous exercise when high amounts of energy are needed but oxygen cannot be sufficiently delivered to muscle. (c) Aerobic respiration is the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen (O2) to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. Approximately 95 percent of the ATP required for resting or moderately active muscles is provided by aerobic respiration, which takes place in mitochondria.
  • ATPase staining of a muscle cross section. Type II fibers are dark, due to the alkaline pH of the preparation. In this example, the size of the type II fibers is considerably less than the type I fibers due to denervation atrophy.
  • Types of [[pennate muscle]]. A – [[unipennate]];  B – [[bipennate]]; 
C – [[multipennate]]
  • [[Human embryo]] showing [[somite]]s labelled as ''primitive segments''.
  • polypeptide]] tail (only one tail of each pair is shown). The pairs of histones, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, each have [[lysine]]s (K) in their tails, some of which are subject to post-translational modifications consisting, usually, of acetylations [Ac] and methylations {me}. The lysines (K) are designated with a number showing their position as, for instance, (K4), indicating lysine as the 4th amino acid from the amino (N) end of the tail in the histone protein. The particular acetylations [Ac] and methylations {Me} shown are those that occur on nucleosomes close to, or at, some DNA regions undergoing transcriptional activation of the DNA wrapped around the nucleosome.
  • Prisoner of war exhibiting muscle loss as a result of [[malnutrition]].
  • [[Jogging]] is one form of aerobic exercise.
  • Muscle types by fiber arrangement
  • Exercise-induced signaling pathways in skeletal muscle that determine specialized characteristics of slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers
  • In [[muscular dystrophy]], the affected tissues become disorganized and the concentration of [[dystrophin]] (green) is greatly reduced.
  •  
'''Regulation of transcription in mammals.'''  An active enhancer regulatory region is enabled to interact with the promoter region of its target gene by formation of a chromosome loop. This can allow initiation of messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) bound to the promoter at the transcription start site of the gene. The loop is stabilized by one architectural protein anchored to the enhancer and one anchored to the promoter, and these proteins are joined together to form a dimer (red zigzags). Specific regulatory transcription factors bind to DNA sequence motifs on the enhancer. General transcription factors bind to the promoter. When a transcription factor is activated by a signal (here indicated as phosphorylation shown by a small red star on a transcription factor on the enhancer) the enhancer is activated and can now activate its target promoter. The active enhancer is transcribed on each strand of DNA in opposite directions by bound RNAP IIs. Mediator (a complex consisting of about 26 proteins in an interacting structure) communicates regulatory signals from the enhancer DNA-bound transcription factors to the promoter.
  • Structure of muscle fibre showing a sarcomere under [[electron microscope]] with schematic explanation.
ONE OF THREE MAJOR MUSCLE TYPES
Skeletal muscles; Voluntary muscle; Musculo; Red skeletal muscle cell; White skeletal muscle cell; Muscle protein; Fast twitch muscle; Slow twitch muscles; Skeletal Muscle; Strongest muscle in human body; Muscle loss; Musculature; Muscle mass; Muscle, skeletal; Muscular branches; Muscle fibers, slow-twitch; Muscular diseases; Myoblasts, skeletal; Control of Muscles; Voluntary muscles; Characteristics of muscle; Muscular fiber; Skeletal muscular; Lean muscle; Muscles; Slow-twitch muscle; Panniculus carnosis; Neoplasms, muscle tissue; Excitation-contraction; Muscle proteins; Muscle strength; Muscle; Myoid cells; Branchialis; Connective tissue in skeletal muscle; Connective tissue of skeletal muscle; Muscle types; Convergent muscles; Human muscle; Fast-twitching; Textus muscularis striatus skeletalis; Skeletal muscle cells; Muscular; Gross anatomy of muscles; Muscular force; Myo-; Skeletal striated muscles; Fast twitch fibre; Slow twitch fibre; Slow twitch fiber; Fast twitch fiber; Skeletal striated muscle; Muscular fibers; Myonuclei; Evolution of muscles; Skeletal muscle fibers; Myotendinous junction; Muscle group; Groups of muscles; Msucle; Musculotendinous junction; Skeletal muscle cell
MUSCULAR (DS-200B), located in the United Kingdom, is the name of a surveillance program jointly operated by Britain's Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) and the U.S.
skeletal muscle         
  • When a sarcomere contracts, the Z lines move closer together, and the I band becomes smaller. The A band stays the same width. At full contraction, the thin and thick filaments overlap.
  • (a) Some ATP is stored in a resting muscle. As contraction starts, it is used up in seconds. More ATP is generated from creatine phosphate for about 15 seconds. (b) Each glucose molecule produces two ATP and two molecules of pyruvic acid, which can be used in aerobic respiration or converted to [[lactic acid]]. If oxygen is not available, pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid, which may contribute to [[muscle fatigue]]. This occurs during strenuous exercise when high amounts of energy are needed but oxygen cannot be sufficiently delivered to muscle. (c) Aerobic respiration is the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen (O2) to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. Approximately 95 percent of the ATP required for resting or moderately active muscles is provided by aerobic respiration, which takes place in mitochondria.
  • ATPase staining of a muscle cross section. Type II fibers are dark, due to the alkaline pH of the preparation. In this example, the size of the type II fibers is considerably less than the type I fibers due to denervation atrophy.
  • Types of [[pennate muscle]]. A – [[unipennate]];  B – [[bipennate]]; 
C – [[multipennate]]
  • [[Human embryo]] showing [[somite]]s labelled as ''primitive segments''.
  • polypeptide]] tail (only one tail of each pair is shown). The pairs of histones, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, each have [[lysine]]s (K) in their tails, some of which are subject to post-translational modifications consisting, usually, of acetylations [Ac] and methylations {me}. The lysines (K) are designated with a number showing their position as, for instance, (K4), indicating lysine as the 4th amino acid from the amino (N) end of the tail in the histone protein. The particular acetylations [Ac] and methylations {Me} shown are those that occur on nucleosomes close to, or at, some DNA regions undergoing transcriptional activation of the DNA wrapped around the nucleosome.
  • Prisoner of war exhibiting muscle loss as a result of [[malnutrition]].
  • [[Jogging]] is one form of aerobic exercise.
  • Muscle types by fiber arrangement
  • Exercise-induced signaling pathways in skeletal muscle that determine specialized characteristics of slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers
  • In [[muscular dystrophy]], the affected tissues become disorganized and the concentration of [[dystrophin]] (green) is greatly reduced.
  •  
'''Regulation of transcription in mammals.'''  An active enhancer regulatory region is enabled to interact with the promoter region of its target gene by formation of a chromosome loop. This can allow initiation of messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) bound to the promoter at the transcription start site of the gene. The loop is stabilized by one architectural protein anchored to the enhancer and one anchored to the promoter, and these proteins are joined together to form a dimer (red zigzags). Specific regulatory transcription factors bind to DNA sequence motifs on the enhancer. General transcription factors bind to the promoter. When a transcription factor is activated by a signal (here indicated as phosphorylation shown by a small red star on a transcription factor on the enhancer) the enhancer is activated and can now activate its target promoter. The active enhancer is transcribed on each strand of DNA in opposite directions by bound RNAP IIs. Mediator (a complex consisting of about 26 proteins in an interacting structure) communicates regulatory signals from the enhancer DNA-bound transcription factors to the promoter.
  • Structure of muscle fibre showing a sarcomere under [[electron microscope]] with schematic explanation.
ONE OF THREE MAJOR MUSCLE TYPES
Skeletal muscles; Voluntary muscle; Musculo; Red skeletal muscle cell; White skeletal muscle cell; Muscle protein; Fast twitch muscle; Slow twitch muscles; Skeletal Muscle; Strongest muscle in human body; Muscle loss; Musculature; Muscle mass; Muscle, skeletal; Muscular branches; Muscle fibers, slow-twitch; Muscular diseases; Myoblasts, skeletal; Control of Muscles; Voluntary muscles; Characteristics of muscle; Muscular fiber; Skeletal muscular; Lean muscle; Muscles; Slow-twitch muscle; Panniculus carnosis; Neoplasms, muscle tissue; Excitation-contraction; Muscle proteins; Muscle strength; Muscle; Myoid cells; Branchialis; Connective tissue in skeletal muscle; Connective tissue of skeletal muscle; Muscle types; Convergent muscles; Human muscle; Fast-twitching; Textus muscularis striatus skeletalis; Skeletal muscle cells; Muscular; Gross anatomy of muscles; Muscular force; Myo-; Skeletal striated muscles; Fast twitch fibre; Slow twitch fibre; Slow twitch fiber; Fast twitch fiber; Skeletal striated muscle; Muscular fibers; Myonuclei; Evolution of muscles; Skeletal muscle fibers; Myotendinous junction; Muscle group; Groups of muscles; Msucle; Musculotendinous junction; Skeletal muscle cell
¦ noun another term for striated muscle.

Википедия

Muscle cell

A muscle cell is also known as a myocyte when referring to either a cardiac muscle cell (cardiomyocyte), or a smooth muscle cell as these are both small cells. A skeletal muscle cell is long and threadlike with many nuclei and is called a muscle fiber. Muscle cells (including myocytes and muscle fibers) develop from embryonic precursor cells called myoblasts.

Myoblasts fuse form multinucleated skeletal muscle cells known as syncytia in a process known as myogenesis. Skeletal muscle cells and cardiac muscle cells both contain myofibrils and sarcomeres and form a striated muscle tissue.

Cardiac muscle cells form the cardiac muscle in the walls of the heart chambers, and have a single central nucleus. Cardiac muscle cells are joined to neighboring cells by intercalated discs, and when joined in a visible unit they are described as a cardiac muscle fiber.

Smooth muscle cells control involuntary movements such as the peristalsis contractions in the esophagus and stomach. Smooth muscle has no myofibrils or sarcomeres and is therefore non-striated. Smooth muscle cells have a single nucleus.

Примеры употребления для twitch muscle
1. The idea of the talk was as a thought experiment that would consider combining all the mutations to see if you got a superathlete." In Australian, a company has developed a 47 test that claims to identify whether customers have the fast–twitch muscle function gene ACTN3, which is found in leading sprinters.